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Validation

The car model used in the tutorial is the DrivAer open source car model. This is a realistic car geometry created by TU Munich by combining the designs of the Audi A4 and the BMW 3 series car models. To know more about the DrivAer model, click here.

Experiments have been conducted on theDrivAer model, such as those published in [1Heft, Angelina I., Thomas Indinger, and Nikolaus A. Adams. "Experimental and numerical investigation of the DrivAer model." ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. - 2Wittmeier, Felix, and Timo Kuthada. "Open grille DrivAer model-first results." SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars-Mechanical Systems 8.2015-01-1553 (2015): 252-260.]. The car model used for the tutorial case corresponds to the DrivAer model using an open-grille front end with a simplified under-hood geometry with a radiator. In addition; detailed underbody, wheels and mirrors are used in the simulation. The tutorial model is corresponding to the model code NDwMwWwoL meaning (N)otchback with (D)etailed underbody, (w)ith (M)irrors, (w)ith (W)heels and using underhood geometry (w)ith(o)ut (L)eakage. The radiator model as in 3Kuthada, Timo, et al. "The effects of cooling air on the flow field around a vehicle." SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars-Mechanical Systems 9.2016-01-1603 (2016): 723-732. was used. Coefficient of drag is calculated as follows:

7.4

where,

	Frontal area of the car (m2)
	Velocity (m/s)
	Density (kg/m3)
	Free stream value

The comparison of the coefficient of drag from experiments and Simerics-MP+ are as follows:

	Experiment	Simerics MP+
Coefficient of drag	0.285	0.282

The flow rate through the radiator obtained from the tutorial model is 0.373 m³/s. This corresponds well with the value of 0.378 m³/s mentioned in the references and is considered to be in the typical flow regime for cooling flow in cars without a driven fan.